INTRODUCTION: Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) encompasses a heterogeneous group of tumours that differentiates into squamous and/or spindle, chondroid, osseous or rhabdoid mesenchymal-looking elements 1. Tumour cells and other cells in the tumour microenvironment express Program Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1); a novel therapeutic target. Activation of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in neoplastic cells results in down-regulation of the immune response and cancer cell survival. Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is a marker of regulatory T cells (Tregs) which are a component of the Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS) that can elicit a pro-tumour immune response 2. PDL-1 expression and relevance of TILS in MBC is not yet known. METHODS: Quantification of TILS and expression of PD-L1 and FOXP3 were evaluated on a large cohort. PDL-1 expression was investigated in the tumour area and TILS expressing PD-L1 in the stroma (sTILS) were also assessed. Absolute count of FOXP3 was scored on both the intratumoural (iTILS) and stromal (sTILS). Histologic score (H-score) of both PD-L1 and FOXP3 was generated. RESULTS: Low tumour and high sTILS PD-L1 expression displayed the best clinical outcome. FOXP3 iTILS is associated with adverse prognostic outcome. CONCLUSIONS: We report the biological significance of TILS in a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer; wherein its presence establishes a potential prognostic value. A subset of patients would likely respond to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Our findings support the concept that MBC is immunogenic, and suggest the role of immune-based therapies in MBC patients.